China is moving ahead with a new naval defense system aimed at countering the growing threat of drone swarms. Labeled a digital-era “Great Wall,” the strategy envisions layered defenses that can detect, disrupt, and eliminate large numbers of low-cost drones before they endanger warships. Research published in Command Control & Simulation emphasized that cheap drones, even those assembled from commercial parts, could overwhelm traditional anti-air systems if deployed in mass numbers.
At the same time, Beijing is pursuing its own swarm-based technology to strengthen surveillance and strike capabilities. One of the most prominent projects is the Zhu Hai Yun, a 290-foot (88-meter) drone-carrying vessel unveiled in 2022. Designed with a wide deck and a top speed of 18 knots, the ship can transport and launch unmanned systems for reconnaissance and combat missions. Operators can control it remotely or from onboard when navigating complex environments such as ports.
Expanding this approach to the air domain, China introduced the Jiu Tian in 2024, a large drone mothership capable of launching up to 100 kamikaze drones. Defense assessments reveal it can cruise at 435 miles (700 kilometers) per hour, achieve a range of 4,350 miles (7,000 kilometers), and lift payloads of 6.6 tons (14,550 pounds). Outfitted with advanced radar, an electro-optical and infrared sensor turret, and long endurance of more than 12 hours, the platform brings both offensive and support functions.
The Jiu Tian’s versatility allows it to operate across missions ranging from maritime patrols and reconnaissance to humanitarian aid and cargo delivery. Its integration into China’s arsenal, along with the Zhu Hai Yun, illustrates Beijing’s commitment to pairing enhanced defensive measures with cutting-edge swarm deployment systems—positioning itself as a major player in drone-centric naval and aerial warfare.
